{"id":145,"date":"2024-03-11T15:36:19","date_gmt":"2024-03-11T14:36:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/epistemy-wordings.net\/?p=145"},"modified":"2024-03-11T15:36:20","modified_gmt":"2024-03-11T14:36:20","slug":"la-physique-au-quotidien-energie-eolienne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epistemy-wordings.net\/index.php\/fr\/2024\/03\/11\/la-physique-au-quotidien-energie-eolienne\/","title":{"rendered":"La physique au quotidien &#8211; \u00c9nergie \u00e9olienne"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Cet article est un exemple d&#8217;une rubrique r\u00e9dig\u00e9e de 2021 \u00e0 2023, &#8220;La Physique au Quotidien&#8221;, r\u00e9dig\u00e9e pour le journal \u00e9tudiant bimensuel, &#8220;Le Cafard D\u00e9cha\u00een\u00e9&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-8-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-40f2c73bdc20e3804226cfb34c41d870\">Parmi les centrales \u00e9lectriques, nous avons vu dans les num\u00e9ros pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents que l&#8217;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 peut \u00eatre produite en tournant un alternateur gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 de la vapeur d&#8217;eau. Une mani\u00e8re de produire cette vapeur d&#8217;eau est de porter de l&#8217;eau \u00e0 \u00e9bullition \u00e0 l&#8217;aide d&#8217;un combustible. Celui-ci peut porter \u00e0 controverse, comme les combustibles fossiles, ou leurs produits, comme les produits de fission nucl\u00e9aire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-8-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-407d9588378af977baf51f40505ce2d2\">Aujourd&#8217;hui, nous allons aborder une mani\u00e8re de produire de l&#8217;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 sans combustible, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9nergie \u00e9olienne. En effet, la Terre est un syst\u00e8me dynamique. En plus de tourner sur elle-m\u00eame, les diff\u00e9rents points de la Terre re\u00e7oivent l&#8217;\u00e9nergie solaire diff\u00e9remment, ce qui conduit \u00e0 des diff\u00e9rences de temp\u00e9rature au sein du globe. Ces diff\u00e9rences de temp\u00e9rature entra\u00eenent des diff\u00e9rences de pression pour des gaz, selon la loi des gaz parfaits. L&#8217;air plus chaud aura tendance \u00e0 s&#8217;\u00e9lever et \u00e0 produire des zones de basse pression. Au contraire, l&#8217;air moins chaud aura tendance \u00e0 descendre et \u00e0 produire des zones de haute pression. L&#8217;air cherchera \u00e0 s&#8217;enfuir des zones de haute pression vers les zones de basse pression, tout en \u00e9tant entra\u00een\u00e9 par la rotation de Coriolis : la rotation de la terre sur elle-m\u00eame. Cette circulation est \u00e0 l&#8217;origine du vent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-8-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8e3812aeaabee9f3a02a19b454ad341d\">Une \u00e9olienne se constitue de pales, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement trois, qui sont con\u00e7ues pour tourner sous l\u2019influence du vent, captant une partie (dW) de son travail (W). Ce travail d\u00e9pend de l\u2019\u00e9nergie cin\u00e9tique du vent, directement connect\u00e9e \u00e0 sa vitesse. Les pales actionnent l&#8217;alternateur en tournant, \u00e9mettant ainsi de l&#8217;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. La puissance maximale fournie par l&#8217;\u00e9olienne est sa puissance nominale. Selon sa conception, la puissance nominale de l&#8217;\u00e9olienne peut \u00eatre de 800 kW ou de 2000 kW, soit 6,87% ou 17,19% tonne \u00e9quivalent p\u00e9trole : l\u2019\u00e9nergie produite par la combustion d\u2019une tonne de p\u00e9trole. Les \u00e9oliennes sont cependant critiqu\u00e9es pour leur prix, pour leur impact sur l&#8217;esth\u00e9tique environnementale ou pour leur nuisance sonore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"837\" height=\"307\" src=\"http:\/\/epistemy-wordings.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/PaQ-Illustration.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-64\" srcset=\"https:\/\/epistemy-wordings.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/PaQ-Illustration.png 837w, https:\/\/epistemy-wordings.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/PaQ-Illustration-300x110.png 300w, https:\/\/epistemy-wordings.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/PaQ-Illustration-768x282.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 837px) 100vw, 837px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cet article est un exemple d&#8217;une rubrique r\u00e9dig\u00e9e de 2021 \u00e0 2023, &#8220;La Physique au Quotidien&#8221;, r\u00e9dig\u00e9e pour le journal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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